168 Evaluation and Improvement of the Nutritional Value of Cereal and Pulse Grains for Swine

Abstract Feed represents the greatest variable cost of swine production, with feed energy as its largest component. In most production systems, cereal grains such corn, wheat, or barley provide historically in feed. Cereal contain >50% starch and < 20% crude protein. Pulse field pea, faba bean, chick pea are now widely grown on Great Plains for human consumption crop diversification. 30 to 40% 20 30% Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) does not differ between pulse grain. However, apparent ileal (AID) is lower grains; thus, hindgut fermentation greater. Both AID ATTD dietary fiber greater than grains. Calculated net (NE) value Standardized (SID) lysine milled prior diet mixing, particle size reduction can increase energy. Whereas steam pelleting may nutrient grains, extrusion both amino acids. Fiber-degrading enzymes by depolymerizing matrix. phase-3 nursery diets that formulated equal NE SID lysine, grain replace wheat without reducing growth. Similarly, part soybean meal conclusion, alternative sources but also protein feedstuffs sustainable feeding programs agronomic benefits like rhizobia N fixation reduced carbon footprint.